U genezy państwowej opieki społecznej i zdrowotnej- szpitalnictwo wojskowe w epoce nowożytnej

U genezy państwowej opieki społecznej i zdrowotnej- szpitalnictwo wojskowe w epoce nowożytnej

Karol Łopatecki

About the origin of the state social and health care – military hospital management in the modern age.
In this article I present the policy of European countries on health and social care directed to soldiers and veterans. I am focusing on general comments and observations on macro scale, excluding detailed research suitable for microhistory. I am interested in reasons and consequences of European military hospital management's development in the modern age. In my research I distinguish three categories of military hospitals: permanent, temporal and field hospitals. Temporal and field hospitals treated mostly sick and wounded soldiers, while pernament hospitals took care over disabled war veterans. I would like to point out that only development and cooperation of all these health care units could provide the highest standard of care (an example of which can be France from the end of XVIIth century) In my opinion in the age of feudal society (pre-industrial), the fundamental role of providing social services was the family and society. If someone did not receive support from the family and friends, he was forced to go for help to religious organizations or charities funded by social elites. In this system, the role of the state or monarch was marginal and confined to submission by monarchs or parliamets money for charity. This seemingly stable system was disrupted as a result of military revolution. Development of new techniques of war, and consequently the arm race, which apogee we can observe in XVIIth century (the age of wars), forced the countries to take care of wounded, sick and, above all, old soldiers. Obviously these monarchs' actions were not caused by humanitarian factors, but utylitarianism. Rather than take out new soldiers, which had to undergo training, it was more financialy profitable to treat experienced ones. Also pernament hospitals for veterans were extremely useful. These institutions prevented vagabondage and growth of crime. It also raised morale in army and instill belief that monarch (state) is committed to improve living conditions of soldiers. Effects of state health and social care were incredibly positive, which made many countries in the Age of Enlightenment to expand state care also to other social groups. About the origin of the state social and health care – military hospital management in the modern age keywords: military hospitals, social care, veterans, disabled war veterans, military revolution In this article I present the policy of European countries on health and social care directed to soldiers and veterans. I am focusing on general comments and observations on macro scale, excluding detailed research suitable for microhistory. I am interested in reasons and consequences of European military hospital management's development in the modern age. In my research I distinguish three categories of military hospitals: permanent, temporal and field hospitals. Temporal and field hospitals treated mostly sick and wounded soldiers, while pernament hospitals took care over disabled war veterans. I would like to point out that only development and cooperation of all these health care units could provide the highest standard of care (an example of which can be France from the end of XVIIth century) In my opinion in the age of feudal society (pre-industrial), the fundamental role of providing social services was the family and society. If someone did not receive support from the family and friends, he was forced to go for help to religious organizations or charities funded by social elites. In this system, the role of the state or monarch was marginal and confined to submission by monarchs or parliamets money for charity. This seemingly stable system was disrupted as a result of military revolution. Development of new techniques of war, and consequently the arm race, which apogee we can observe in XVIIth century (the age of wars), forced the countries to take care of wounded, sick and, above all, old soldiers. Obviously these monarchs' actions were not caused by humanitarian factors, but utylitarianism. Rather than take out new soldiers, which had to undergo training, it was more financialy profitable to treat experienced ones. Also pernament hospitals for veterans were extremely useful. These institutions prevented vagabondage and growth of crime. It also raised morale in army and instill belief that monarch (state) is committed to improve living conditions of soldiers. Effects of state health and social care were incredibly positive, which made many countries in the Age of Enlightenment to expand state care also to other social groups. About the origin of the state social and health care – military hospital management in the modern age keywords: military hospitals, social care, veterans, disabled war veterans, military revolution In this article I present the policy of European countries on health and social care directed to soldiers and veterans. I am focusing on general comments and observations on macro scale, excluding detailed research suitable for microhistory. I am interested in reasons and consequences of European military hospital management's development in the modern age. In my research I distinguish three categories of military hospitals: permanent, temporal and field hospitals. Temporal and field hospitals treated mostly sick and wounded soldiers, while pernament hospitals took care over disabled war veterans. I would like to point out that only development and cooperation of all these health care units could provide the highest standard of care (an example of which can be France from the end of XVIIth century) In my opinion in the age of feudal society (pre-industrial), the fundamental role of providing social services was the family and society. If someone did not receive support from the family and friends, he was forced to go for help to religious organizations or charities funded by social elites. In this system, the role of the state or monarch was marginal and confined to submission by monarchs or parliamets money for charity. This seemingly stable system was disrupted as a result of military revolution. Development of new techniques of war, and consequently the arm race, which apogee we can observe in XVIIth century (the age of wars), forced the countries to take care of wounded, sick and, above all, old soldiers. Obviously these monarchs' actions were not caused by humanitarian factors, but utylitarianism. Rather than take out new soldiers, which had to undergo training, it was more financialy profitable to treat experienced ones. Also pernament hospitals for veterans were extremely useful. These institutions prevented vagabondage and growth of crime. It also raised morale in army and instill belief that monarch (state) is committed to improve living conditions of soldiers. Effects of state health and social care were incredibly positive, which made many countries in the Age of Enlightenment to expand state care also to other social groups.

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